Serveur d'exploration sur la détoxication des champignons

Attention, ce site est en cours de développement !
Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts.
Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.

Mode of action of quinoline antimalarial drugs in red blood cells infected by Plasmodium falciparum revealed in vivo.

Identifieur interne : 000434 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000433; suivant : 000435

Mode of action of quinoline antimalarial drugs in red blood cells infected by Plasmodium falciparum revealed in vivo.

Auteurs : Sergey Kapishnikov [Israël] ; Trine Staals [Danemark] ; Yang Yang [Danemark] ; Jiwoong Lee [Danemark] ; Ana J. Pérez-Berná [Espagne] ; Eva Pereiro [Espagne] ; Yang Yang [France] ; Stephan Werner [Allemagne] ; Peter Guttmann [Allemagne] ; Leslie Leiserowitz [Israël] ; Jens Als-Nielsen [Danemark]

Source :

RBID : pubmed:31659055

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

The most widely used antimalarial drugs belong to the quinoline family. Their mode of action has not been characterized at the molecular level in vivo. We report the in vivo mode of action of a bromo analog of the drug chloroquine in rapidly frozen Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells. The Plasmodium parasite digests hemoglobin, liberating the heme as a byproduct, toxic to the parasite. It is detoxified by crystallization into inert hemozoin within the parasitic digestive vacuole. By mapping such infected red blood cells with nondestructive X-ray microscopy, we observe that bromoquine caps hemozoin crystals. The measured crystal surface coverage is sufficient to inhibit further hemozoin crystal growth, thereby sabotaging heme detoxification. Moreover, we find that bromoquine accumulates in the digestive vacuole, reaching submillimolar concentration, 1,000-fold more than that of the drug in the culture medium. Such a dramatic increase in bromoquine concentration enhances the drug's efficiency in depriving heme from docking onto the hemozoin crystal surface. Based on direct observation of bromoquine distribution in the digestive vacuole and at its membrane surface, we deduce that the excess bromoquine forms a complex with the remaining heme deprived from crystallization. This complex is driven toward the digestive vacuole membrane, increasing the chances of membrane puncture and spillage of heme into the interior of the parasite.

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1910123116
PubMed: 31659055
PubMed Central: PMC6859308


Affiliations:


Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)


Le document en format XML

<record>
<TEI>
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title xml:lang="en">Mode of action of quinoline antimalarial drugs in red blood cells infected by
<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>
revealed in vivo.</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kapishnikov, Sergey" sort="Kapishnikov, Sergey" uniqKey="Kapishnikov S" first="Sergey" last="Kapishnikov">Sergey Kapishnikov</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; sergey.kapishnikov@weizmann.ac.il.</nlm:affiliation>
<country wicri:rule="url">Israël</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Staals, Trine" sort="Staals, Trine" uniqKey="Staals T" first="Trine" last="Staals">Trine Staals</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yang, Yang" sort="Yang, Yang" uniqKey="Yang Y" first="Yang" last="Yang">Yang Yang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lee, Jiwoong" sort="Lee, Jiwoong" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Jiwoong" last="Lee">Jiwoong Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Perez Berna, Ana J" sort="Perez Berna, Ana J" uniqKey="Perez Berna A" first="Ana J" last="Pérez-Berná">Ana J. Pérez-Berná</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>MISTRAL Beamline Experiments Division, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, 08290 Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MISTRAL Beamline Experiments Division, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, 08290 Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region nuts="2" type="communauté">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pereiro, Eva" sort="Pereiro, Eva" uniqKey="Pereiro E" first="Eva" last="Pereiro">Eva Pereiro</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>MISTRAL Beamline Experiments Division, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, 08290 Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MISTRAL Beamline Experiments Division, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, 08290 Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region nuts="2" type="communauté">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yang, Yang" sort="Yang, Yang" uniqKey="Yang Y" first="Yang" last="Yang">Yang Yang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38000 Grenoble, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38000 Grenoble</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region>
<region type="old region" nuts="2">Rhône-Alpes</region>
<settlement type="city">Grenoble</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Werner, Stephan" sort="Werner, Stephan" uniqKey="Werner S" first="Stephan" last="Werner">Stephan Werner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Joint Research Group X-Ray Microscopy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Joint Research Group X-Ray Microscopy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region>
<settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Guttmann, Peter" sort="Guttmann, Peter" uniqKey="Guttmann P" first="Peter" last="Guttmann">Peter Guttmann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Joint Research Group X-Ray Microscopy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Joint Research Group X-Ray Microscopy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region>
<settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Leiserowitz, Leslie" sort="Leiserowitz, Leslie" uniqKey="Leiserowitz L" first="Leslie" last="Leiserowitz">Leslie Leiserowitz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>76100 Rehovot</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Als Nielsen, Jens" sort="Als Nielsen, Jens" uniqKey="Als Nielsen J" first="Jens" last="Als-Nielsen">Jens Als-Nielsen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<date when="2019">2019</date>
<idno type="RBID">pubmed:31659055</idno>
<idno type="pmid">31659055</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1910123116</idno>
<idno type="pmc">PMC6859308</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000302</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000302</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000302</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000302</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000302</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<title xml:lang="en">Mode of action of quinoline antimalarial drugs in red blood cells infected by
<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>
revealed in vivo.</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kapishnikov, Sergey" sort="Kapishnikov, Sergey" uniqKey="Kapishnikov S" first="Sergey" last="Kapishnikov">Sergey Kapishnikov</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; sergey.kapishnikov@weizmann.ac.il.</nlm:affiliation>
<country wicri:rule="url">Israël</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Staals, Trine" sort="Staals, Trine" uniqKey="Staals T" first="Trine" last="Staals">Trine Staals</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yang, Yang" sort="Yang, Yang" uniqKey="Yang Y" first="Yang" last="Yang">Yang Yang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lee, Jiwoong" sort="Lee, Jiwoong" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Jiwoong" last="Lee">Jiwoong Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Perez Berna, Ana J" sort="Perez Berna, Ana J" uniqKey="Perez Berna A" first="Ana J" last="Pérez-Berná">Ana J. Pérez-Berná</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>MISTRAL Beamline Experiments Division, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, 08290 Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MISTRAL Beamline Experiments Division, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, 08290 Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region nuts="2" type="communauté">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pereiro, Eva" sort="Pereiro, Eva" uniqKey="Pereiro E" first="Eva" last="Pereiro">Eva Pereiro</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>MISTRAL Beamline Experiments Division, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, 08290 Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MISTRAL Beamline Experiments Division, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, 08290 Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region nuts="2" type="communauté">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yang, Yang" sort="Yang, Yang" uniqKey="Yang Y" first="Yang" last="Yang">Yang Yang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38000 Grenoble, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38000 Grenoble</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region>
<region type="old region" nuts="2">Rhône-Alpes</region>
<settlement type="city">Grenoble</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Werner, Stephan" sort="Werner, Stephan" uniqKey="Werner S" first="Stephan" last="Werner">Stephan Werner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Joint Research Group X-Ray Microscopy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Joint Research Group X-Ray Microscopy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region>
<settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Guttmann, Peter" sort="Guttmann, Peter" uniqKey="Guttmann P" first="Peter" last="Guttmann">Peter Guttmann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Joint Research Group X-Ray Microscopy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Joint Research Group X-Ray Microscopy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region>
<settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Leiserowitz, Leslie" sort="Leiserowitz, Leslie" uniqKey="Leiserowitz L" first="Leslie" last="Leiserowitz">Leslie Leiserowitz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>76100 Rehovot</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Als Nielsen, Jens" sort="Als Nielsen, Jens" uniqKey="Als Nielsen J" first="Jens" last="Als-Nielsen">Jens Als-Nielsen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2019" type="published">2019</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass>
<keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en">
<term>Antimalarials (pharmacology)</term>
<term>Crystallization (MeSH)</term>
<term>Erythrocytes (chemistry)</term>
<term>Erythrocytes (metabolism)</term>
<term>Erythrocytes (parasitology)</term>
<term>Heme (chemistry)</term>
<term>Heme (metabolism)</term>
<term>Hemeproteins (chemistry)</term>
<term>Hemeproteins (metabolism)</term>
<term>Humans (MeSH)</term>
<term>Malaria, Falciparum (drug therapy)</term>
<term>Malaria, Falciparum (metabolism)</term>
<term>Malaria, Falciparum (parasitology)</term>
<term>Plasmodium falciparum (drug effects)</term>
<term>Plasmodium falciparum (physiology)</term>
<term>Quinolines (pharmacology)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Antipaludiques (pharmacologie)</term>
<term>Cristallisation (MeSH)</term>
<term>Humains (MeSH)</term>
<term>Hème (composition chimique)</term>
<term>Hème (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Hémoprotéines (composition chimique)</term>
<term>Hémoprotéines (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum (parasitologie)</term>
<term>Paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum (traitement médicamenteux)</term>
<term>Plasmodium falciparum (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques)</term>
<term>Plasmodium falciparum (physiologie)</term>
<term>Quinoléines (pharmacologie)</term>
<term>Érythrocytes (composition chimique)</term>
<term>Érythrocytes (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Érythrocytes (parasitologie)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en">
<term>Heme</term>
<term>Hemeproteins</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en">
<term>Heme</term>
<term>Hemeproteins</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="pharmacology" xml:lang="en">
<term>Antimalarials</term>
<term>Quinolines</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en">
<term>Erythrocytes</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="composition chimique" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Hème</term>
<term>Hémoprotéines</term>
<term>Érythrocytes</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en">
<term>Plasmodium falciparum</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en">
<term>Malaria, Falciparum</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Plasmodium falciparum</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en">
<term>Erythrocytes</term>
<term>Malaria, Falciparum</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Hème</term>
<term>Hémoprotéines</term>
<term>Paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum</term>
<term>Érythrocytes</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="parasitologie" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum</term>
<term>Érythrocytes</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="parasitology" xml:lang="en">
<term>Erythrocytes</term>
<term>Malaria, Falciparum</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pharmacologie" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Antipaludiques</term>
<term>Quinoléines</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiologie" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Plasmodium falciparum</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en">
<term>Plasmodium falciparum</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="traitement médicamenteux" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en">
<term>Crystallization</term>
<term>Humans</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Cristallisation</term>
<term>Humains</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The most widely used antimalarial drugs belong to the quinoline family. Their mode of action has not been characterized at the molecular level in vivo. We report the in vivo mode of action of a bromo analog of the drug chloroquine in rapidly frozen
<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>
-infected red blood cells. The
<i>Plasmodium</i>
parasite digests hemoglobin, liberating the heme as a byproduct, toxic to the parasite. It is detoxified by crystallization into inert hemozoin within the parasitic digestive vacuole. By mapping such infected red blood cells with nondestructive X-ray microscopy, we observe that bromoquine caps hemozoin crystals. The measured crystal surface coverage is sufficient to inhibit further hemozoin crystal growth, thereby sabotaging heme detoxification. Moreover, we find that bromoquine accumulates in the digestive vacuole, reaching submillimolar concentration, 1,000-fold more than that of the drug in the culture medium. Such a dramatic increase in bromoquine concentration enhances the drug's efficiency in depriving heme from docking onto the hemozoin crystal surface. Based on direct observation of bromoquine distribution in the digestive vacuole and at its membrane surface, we deduce that the excess bromoquine forms a complex with the remaining heme deprived from crystallization. This complex is driven toward the digestive vacuole membrane, increasing the chances of membrane puncture and spillage of heme into the interior of the parasite.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed>
<MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM">
<PMID Version="1">31659055</PMID>
<DateCompleted>
<Year>2020</Year>
<Month>04</Month>
<Day>06</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised>
<Year>2020</Year>
<Month>04</Month>
<Day>08</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print-Electronic">
<Journal>
<ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1091-6490</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet">
<Volume>116</Volume>
<Issue>46</Issue>
<PubDate>
<Year>2019</Year>
<Month>11</Month>
<Day>12</Day>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Mode of action of quinoline antimalarial drugs in red blood cells infected by
<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>
revealed in vivo.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination>
<MedlinePgn>22946-22952</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1073/pnas.1910123116</ELocationID>
<Abstract>
<AbstractText>The most widely used antimalarial drugs belong to the quinoline family. Their mode of action has not been characterized at the molecular level in vivo. We report the in vivo mode of action of a bromo analog of the drug chloroquine in rapidly frozen
<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>
-infected red blood cells. The
<i>Plasmodium</i>
parasite digests hemoglobin, liberating the heme as a byproduct, toxic to the parasite. It is detoxified by crystallization into inert hemozoin within the parasitic digestive vacuole. By mapping such infected red blood cells with nondestructive X-ray microscopy, we observe that bromoquine caps hemozoin crystals. The measured crystal surface coverage is sufficient to inhibit further hemozoin crystal growth, thereby sabotaging heme detoxification. Moreover, we find that bromoquine accumulates in the digestive vacuole, reaching submillimolar concentration, 1,000-fold more than that of the drug in the culture medium. Such a dramatic increase in bromoquine concentration enhances the drug's efficiency in depriving heme from docking onto the hemozoin crystal surface. Based on direct observation of bromoquine distribution in the digestive vacuole and at its membrane surface, we deduce that the excess bromoquine forms a complex with the remaining heme deprived from crystallization. This complex is driven toward the digestive vacuole membrane, increasing the chances of membrane puncture and spillage of heme into the interior of the parasite.</AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2019 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y">
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Kapishnikov</LastName>
<ForeName>Sergey</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-2560-054X</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; sergey.kapishnikov@weizmann.ac.il.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Staalsø</LastName>
<ForeName>Trine</ForeName>
<Initials>T</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Yang</LastName>
<ForeName>Yang</ForeName>
<Initials>Y</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Lee</LastName>
<ForeName>Jiwoong</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Pérez-Berná</LastName>
<ForeName>Ana J</ForeName>
<Initials>AJ</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>MISTRAL Beamline Experiments Division, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, 08290 Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Pereiro</LastName>
<ForeName>Eva</ForeName>
<Initials>E</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-7626-5935</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>MISTRAL Beamline Experiments Division, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, 08290 Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Yang</LastName>
<ForeName>Yang</ForeName>
<Initials>Y</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38000 Grenoble, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Werner</LastName>
<ForeName>Stephan</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Joint Research Group X-Ray Microscopy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Guttmann</LastName>
<ForeName>Peter</ForeName>
<Initials>P</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-0534-238X</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Joint Research Group X-Ray Microscopy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Leiserowitz</LastName>
<ForeName>Leslie</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Als-Nielsen</LastName>
<ForeName>Jens</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<PublicationTypeList>
<PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
<ArticleDate DateType="Electronic">
<Year>2019</Year>
<Month>10</Month>
<Day>28</Day>
</ArticleDate>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo>
<Country>United States</Country>
<MedlineTA>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>7505876</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>0027-8424</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
<ChemicalList>
<Chemical>
<RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D000962">Antimalarials</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical>
<RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D006420">Hemeproteins</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical>
<RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D011804">Quinolines</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical>
<RegistryNumber>39404-00-7</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="C020753">hemozoin</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical>
<RegistryNumber>42VZT0U6YR</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D006418">Heme</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
</ChemicalList>
<CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset>
<MeshHeadingList>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D000962" MajorTopicYN="N">Antimalarials</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="Y">pharmacology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D003460" MajorTopicYN="N">Crystallization</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D004912" MajorTopicYN="N">Erythrocytes</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000737" MajorTopicYN="N">chemistry</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000469" MajorTopicYN="Y">parasitology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D006418" MajorTopicYN="N">Heme</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000737" MajorTopicYN="N">chemistry</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D006420" MajorTopicYN="N">Hemeproteins</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000737" MajorTopicYN="N">chemistry</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D016778" MajorTopicYN="N">Malaria, Falciparum</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="N">drug therapy</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000469" MajorTopicYN="Y">parasitology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D010963" MajorTopicYN="N">Plasmodium falciparum</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug effects</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="N">physiology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D011804" MajorTopicYN="N">Quinolines</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="Y">pharmacology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
</MeshHeadingList>
<KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM">
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">cryo X-ray microscopy</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">drug tracking</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">hemozoin</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">inhibition of crystallization</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">malaria</Keyword>
</KeywordList>
<CoiStatement>The authors declare no competing interest.</CoiStatement>
</MedlineCitation>
<PubmedData>
<History>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed">
<Year>2019</Year>
<Month>10</Month>
<Day>30</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline">
<Year>2020</Year>
<Month>4</Month>
<Day>9</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez">
<Year>2019</Year>
<Month>10</Month>
<Day>30</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
</History>
<PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31659055</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="pii">1910123116</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1073/pnas.1910123116</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC6859308</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
<ReferenceList>
<Reference>
<Citation>J Inorg Biochem. 1997 Nov 1;68(2):137-45</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">9336973</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>J Med Chem. 2013 Jul 11;56(13):5231-46</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23586757</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>ACS Chem Biol. 2011 Mar 18;6(3):275-87</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21162558</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Langmuir. 2017 Aug 1;33(30):7529-7537</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28689414</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Biochem Pharmacol. 1981 Dec 15;30(24):3323-7</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">7326041</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Chem Rev. 2008 Nov;108(11):4899-914</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">19006402</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>J Med Chem. 1999 Nov 4;42(22):4630-9</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">10579825</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Parasitol Res. 2007 Mar;100(4):671-6</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">17111179</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 May;82(9):2784-8</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">3887411</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Microbiol Spectr. 2016 Jun;4(3):</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27337450</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Biosci Rep. 2011 Jun;31(3):199-210</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">20840080</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2005;295:3-38</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">16265885</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Chem Commun (Camb). 2002 Mar 7;(5):414-5</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12120518</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Nature. 2009 Nov 19;462(7271):298-300</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">19924207</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>J Inorg Biochem. 1996 Jul;63(1):69-77</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">8699174</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Jul 18;114(29):7531-7536</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28559329</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Cell Death Dis. 2011 Oct 13;2:e216</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21993392</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Biochem Pharmacol. 1998 Nov 15;56(10):1305-13</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">9825729</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>J Med Chem. 1998 Dec 3;41(25):4918-26</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">9836608</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Nature. 2018 Jul;559(7715):458-465</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30046090</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2012 Mar;33(1):41-2</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21464694</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>ACS Med Chem Lett. 2012 Apr 13;3(6):480-3</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24900498</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Chem Phys Lipids. 1984 Oct;35(4):331-47</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">6333931</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 8;7(1):7610</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28790371</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Biochim Biophys Acta. 1983 Jul 13;732(1):316-9</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">6871197</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Chem Commun (Camb). 2012 Jan 21;48(6):910-2</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22143053</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>J Cell Sci. 2006 Mar 15;119(Pt 6):1016-25</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">16492710</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998 Mar;42(3):682-6</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">9517951</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 1998 Mar 17;8(6):613-8</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">9871570</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>ACS Chem Biol. 2018 Oct 19;13(10):2939-2948</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30208272</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Oct 15;93(21):11865-70</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">8876229</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>J Am Chem Soc. 2013 Jan 23;135(3):1037-47</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23253048</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Biochem Pharmacol. 1986 Nov 1;35(21):3805-12</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">3535803</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Nature. 2000 Mar 16;404(6775):307-10</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">10749217</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>J Am Chem Soc. 2007 Mar 7;129(9):2615-27</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">17290993</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Jul 10;109(28):11188-93</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22745164</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1994 Jan;63(1):121-8</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">8183310</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
</ReferenceList>
</PubmedData>
</pubmed>
<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>Allemagne</li>
<li>Danemark</li>
<li>Espagne</li>
<li>France</li>
<li>Israël</li>
</country>
<region>
<li>Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</li>
<li>Berlin</li>
<li>Catalogne</li>
<li>Hovedstaden</li>
<li>Rhône-Alpes</li>
</region>
<settlement>
<li>Berlin</li>
<li>Copenhague</li>
<li>Grenoble</li>
</settlement>
</list>
<tree>
<country name="Israël">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Kapishnikov, Sergey" sort="Kapishnikov, Sergey" uniqKey="Kapishnikov S" first="Sergey" last="Kapishnikov">Sergey Kapishnikov</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Leiserowitz, Leslie" sort="Leiserowitz, Leslie" uniqKey="Leiserowitz L" first="Leslie" last="Leiserowitz">Leslie Leiserowitz</name>
</country>
<country name="Danemark">
<region name="Hovedstaden">
<name sortKey="Staals, Trine" sort="Staals, Trine" uniqKey="Staals T" first="Trine" last="Staals">Trine Staals</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Als Nielsen, Jens" sort="Als Nielsen, Jens" uniqKey="Als Nielsen J" first="Jens" last="Als-Nielsen">Jens Als-Nielsen</name>
<name sortKey="Lee, Jiwoong" sort="Lee, Jiwoong" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Jiwoong" last="Lee">Jiwoong Lee</name>
<name sortKey="Staals, Trine" sort="Staals, Trine" uniqKey="Staals T" first="Trine" last="Staals">Trine Staals</name>
<name sortKey="Yang, Yang" sort="Yang, Yang" uniqKey="Yang Y" first="Yang" last="Yang">Yang Yang</name>
</country>
<country name="Espagne">
<region name="Catalogne">
<name sortKey="Perez Berna, Ana J" sort="Perez Berna, Ana J" uniqKey="Perez Berna A" first="Ana J" last="Pérez-Berná">Ana J. Pérez-Berná</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Pereiro, Eva" sort="Pereiro, Eva" uniqKey="Pereiro E" first="Eva" last="Pereiro">Eva Pereiro</name>
</country>
<country name="France">
<region name="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">
<name sortKey="Yang, Yang" sort="Yang, Yang" uniqKey="Yang Y" first="Yang" last="Yang">Yang Yang</name>
</region>
</country>
<country name="Allemagne">
<region name="Berlin">
<name sortKey="Werner, Stephan" sort="Werner, Stephan" uniqKey="Werner S" first="Stephan" last="Werner">Stephan Werner</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Guttmann, Peter" sort="Guttmann, Peter" uniqKey="Guttmann P" first="Peter" last="Guttmann">Peter Guttmann</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Bois/explor/DetoxFungiV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000434 | SxmlIndent | more

Ou

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 000434 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Bois
   |area=    DetoxFungiV1
   |flux=    Main
   |étape=   Exploration
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     pubmed:31659055
   |texte=   Mode of action of quinoline antimalarial drugs in red blood cells infected by Plasmodium falciparum revealed in vivo.
}}

Pour générer des pages wiki

HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i   -Sk "pubmed:31659055" \
       | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd   \
       | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a DetoxFungiV1 

Wicri

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.38.
Data generation: Fri Nov 20 16:09:04 2020. Site generation: Fri Nov 20 16:15:24 2020